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# Transform

## Pivot by a single column

The `Table.pivot()` method is a general process for grouping data by row and, optionally, by column, and then calculating some aggregation for each group. Consider the following table:

name | race | gender | age
--- | --- | --- | ---
Joe | white | female | 20
Jane | asian | male | 20
Jill | black | female | 20
Jim | latino | male | 25
Julia | black | female | 25
Joan | asian | female | 25

In the very simplest case, this table can be pivoted to count the number occurences of values in a column:

    transformed = table.pivot('race')

Result:

race | pivot
--- | ---
white | 1
asian | 2
black | 2
latino | 1

## Pivot by multiple columns

You can pivot by multiple columns either as additional row-groups, or as intersecting columns. For example, given the table in the previous example:

    transformed = table.pivot(['race', 'gender'])

Result:

race | gender | pivot
--- | --- | ---
white | female | 1
asian | male | 1
black | female | 2
latino | male | 1
asian | female | 1

For the column, version you would do:

    transformed = table.pivot('race', 'gender')

Result:

race | male | female
--- | --- | ---
white | 0 | 1
asian | 1 | 1
black | 0 | 2
latino | 1 | 0

## Pivot to sum

The default pivot aggregation is `Count` but you can also supply other operations. For example, to aggregate each group by `Sum` of their ages:

    transformed = table.pivot('race', 'gender', aggregation=agate.Sum('age'))

race | male | female
--- | --- | ---
white | 0 | 20
asian | 20 | 25
black | 0 | 45
latino | 25 | 0

## Pivot to percent of total

Pivot allows you to apply a `Computation` to each row of aggregated results prior to returning the table. Use the stringified name of the aggregation as the column argument to your computation:

    transformed = table.pivot('race', 'gender', aggregation=agate.Sum('age'), computation=agate.Percent('sum'))

race | male | female
--- | --- | ---
white | 0 | 14.8
asian | 14.8 | 18.4
black | 0 | 33.3
latino | 18.4 | 0

Note: actual computed percentages will be much more precise.

It’s helpful when constructing these cases to think of all the cells in the pivot table as a single sequence.

## Denormalize key/value columns into separate columns

It’s common for very large datasets to be distributed in a “normalized” format, such as:

name | property | value
--- | --- | ---
Jane | gender | female
Jane | race | black
Jane | age | 24
… | … | …

The `Table.denormalize()` method can be used to transform the table so that each unique property has its own column.

    transformed = table.denormalize('name', 'property', 'value')

Result:

name | gender | race | age
--- | --- | --- | ---
Jane | female | black | 24
Jack | male | white | 35
Joe | male | black | 28

## Normalize separate columns into key/value columns

Sometimes you have a dataset where each property has its own column, but your analysis would be easier if all properties were stored together. Consider this table:

name | gender | race | age
--- | --- | --- | ---
Jane | female | black | 24
Jack | male | white | 35
Joe | male | black | 28

The `Table.normalize()` method can be used to transform the table so that all the properties and their values share two columns.

    transformed = table.normalize('name', ['gender', 'race', 'age'])

Result:

name | property | value
--- | --- | ---
Jane | gender | female
Jane | race | black
Jane | age | 24
… | … | …